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Table of Contents This chapter describes how to obtain and install MySQL. A summary of the procedure follows and later sections provide the details. If you plan to upgrade an existing version of MySQL to a newer version rather than install MySQL for the first time, see, for information about upgrade procedures and about issues that you should consider before upgrading. If you are interested in migrating to MySQL from another database system, you may wish to read, which contains answers to some common questions concerning migration issues.
If you are migrating from MySQL Enterprise Edition to MySQL Community Server, see. Installation of MySQL generally follows the steps outlined here.
Determine whether MySQL runs and is supported on your platform. Please note that not all platforms are equally suitable for running MySQL, and that not all platforms on which MySQL is known to run are officially supported by Oracle Corporation:. Choose which distribution to install. Several versions of MySQL are available, and most are available in several distribution formats. You can choose from pre-packaged distributions containing binary (precompiled) programs or source code. When in doubt, use a binary distribution.
We also provide public access to our current source tree for those who want to see our most recent developments and help us test new code. To determine which version and type of distribution you should use, see. Download the distribution that you want to install. For instructions, see. To verify the integrity of the distribution, use the instructions in.
Install the distribution. To install MySQL from a binary distribution, use the instructions in.
To install MySQL from a source distribution or from the current development source tree, use the instructions in. Perform any necessary postinstallation setup. After installing MySQL, see for information about making sure the MySQL server is working properly. Also refer to the information provided in.
This section describes how to secure the initial MySQL user accounts, which have no passwords until you assign passwords. The section applies whether you install MySQL using a binary or source distribution.
If you want to run the MySQL benchmark scripts, Perl support for MySQL must be available. Instructions for installing MySQL on different platforms and environments is available on a platform by platform basis.
Linux, including notes on distribution specific methods, see. Solaris and OpenSolaris, including PKG and IPS formats, see. IBM AIX, see. FreeBSD, see. Microsoft Windows For instructions on installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows, using either a Zipped binary or an MSI package, see. For information on using the MySQL Server Instance Config Wizard, see. For details and instructions on building MySQL from source code using Microsoft Visual Studio, see.
Mac OS X For installation on Mac OS X, including using both the binary package and native PKG formats, see. For information on making use of the MySQL Startup Item to automatically start and stop MySQL, see. For information on the MySQL Preference Pane, see. MySQL 5.6: Latest General Availability (Production) release. MySQL 5.5: Previous General Availability (Production) release. MySQL 5.1: Older General Availability (Production) release.
MySQL 5.0: Older Production release nearing the end of the product lifecycle MySQL 4.1, 4.0, and 3.23 are old releases that are no longer supported. See for information about support policies and schedules. Normally, if you are beginning to use MySQL for the first time or trying to port it to some system for which there is no binary distribution, use the most recent General Availability series listed in the preceding descriptions.
All MySQL releases, even those from development series, are checked with the MySQL benchmarks and an extensive test suite before being issued. If you are running an older system and want to upgrade, but do not want to take the chance of having a nonseamless upgrade, you should upgrade to the latest version in the same release series you are using (where only the last part of the version number is newer than yours). We have tried to fix only fatal bugs and make only small, relatively “ safe” changes to that version. If you want to use new features not present in the production release series, you can use a version from a development series. Be aware that development releases are not as stable as production releases. We do not use a complete code freeze because this prevents us from making bugfixes and other fixes that must be done.
We may add small things that should not affect anything that currently works in a production release. Naturally, relevant bugfixes from an earlier series propagate to later series. If you want to use the very latest sources containing all current patches and bugfixes, you can use one of our source code repositories (see ). These are not “ releases” as such, but are available as previews of the code on which future releases are to be based. The naming scheme in MySQL 5.5 uses release names that consist of three numbers and a suffix; for example, mysql-5.5.6-m3. The numbers within the release name are interpreted as follows. The first number ( 5) is the major version and describes the file format.
All MySQL 5 releases have the same file format. The second number ( 5) is the release level. Taken together, the major version and release level constitute the release series number. The third number ( 6) is the version number within the release series. This is incremented for each new release. Usually you want the latest version for the series you have chosen. For each minor update, the last number in the version string is incremented.
When there are major new features or minor incompatibilities with previous versions, the second number in the version string is incremented. When the file format changes, the first number is increased. Release names also include a suffix that indicates the stability level of the release. Releases within a series progress through a set of suffixes to indicate how the stability level improves. The possible suffixes are.
m N (for example, m1, m2, m3.) indicate a milestone number. MySQL development uses a milestone model, in which each milestone proceeds through a small number of versions with a tight focus on a small subset of thoroughly tested features.
Following the releases for one milestone, development proceeds with another small number of releases that focuses on the next small set of features, also thoroughly tested. Features within milestone releases may be considered to be of pre-production quality. rc indicates a Release Candidate. Release candidates are believed to be stable, having passed all of MySQL's internal testing, and with all known fatal runtime bugs fixed.
However, the release has not been in widespread use long enough to know for sure that all bugs have been identified. Only minor fixes are added. If there is no suffix, it indicates that the release is a General Availability (GA) or Production release. GA releases are stable, having successfully passed through all earlier release stages and are believed to be reliable, free of serious bugs, and suitable for use in production systems. Only critical bugfixes are applied to the release.
All releases of MySQL are run through our standard tests and benchmarks to ensure that they are relatively safe to use. Because the standard tests are extended over time to check for all previously found bugs, the test suite keeps getting better. All releases have been tested at least with these tools. An internal test suite.
The mysql-test directory contains an extensive set of test cases. We run these tests for every server binary.
See, for more information about this test suite. The MySQL benchmark suite. This suite runs a range of common queries. It is also a test to determine whether the latest batch of optimizations actually made the code faster. We also perform additional integration and nonfunctional testing of the latest MySQL version in our internal production environment.
Integration testing is done with different connectors, storage engines, replication modes, backup, partitioning, stored programs, and so forth in various combinations. Additional nonfunctional testing is done in areas of performance, concurrency, stress, high volume, upgrade and downgrade. 2.1.2.2 Choosing a Distribution Format After choosing which version of MySQL to install, you should decide whether to use a binary distribution or a source distribution. In most cases, you should probably use a binary distribution, if one exists for your platform. Binary distributions are available in native format for many platforms, such as RPM packages for Linux, DMG packages for Mac OS X, and PKG packages for Solaris. Distributions are also available in more generic formats such as Zip archives or compressed tar files.
Reasons to choose a binary distribution include the following. Binary distributions generally are easier to install than source distributions. To satisfy different user requirements, we provide several servers in binary distributions. Is an optimized server that is a smaller, faster binary. Dlc info for mac os. Is compiled with debugging support. Each of these servers is compiled from the same source distribution, though with different configuration options. All native MySQL clients can connect to servers from either MySQL version.
Under some circumstances, you may be better off installing MySQL from a source distribution. for TCP wrappers support. for features that depend on compression.
for debugging support For additional information, see. You want to configure without some features that are included in the standard binary distributions. For example, distributions normally are compiled with support for all character sets. If you want a smaller MySQL server, you can recompile it with support for only the character sets you need. You want to use the latest sources from one of the Bazaar repositories to have access to all current bugfixes.
For example, if you have found a bug and reported it to the MySQL development team, the bugfix is committed to the source repository and you can access it there. The bugfix does not appear in a release until a release actually is issued. You want to read (or modify) the C and C code that makes up MySQL. For this purpose, you should get a source distribution, because the source code is always the ultimate manual. Source distributions contain more tests and examples than binary distributions. 2.1.2.3 How and When Updates Are Released MySQL is evolving quite rapidly and we want to share new developments with other MySQL users. We try to produce a new release whenever we have new and useful features that others also seem to have a need for.
We also try to help users who request features that are easy to implement. We take note of what our licensed users want, and we especially take note of what our support customers want and try to help them in this regard. No one is required to download a new release. The help you determine whether the new release has something you really want. We use the following policy when updating MySQL. Enterprise Server releases are meant to appear every 18 months, supplemented by quarterly service packs and monthly rapid updates. Community Server releases are meant to appear 2 to 3 times per year.
Releases are issued within each series. For each release, the last number in the version is one more than the previous release within the same series. Binary distributions for some platforms are made by us for major releases. Other people may make binary distributions for other systems, but probably less frequently.
We make fixes available as soon as we have identified and corrected small or noncritical but annoying bugs. The fixes are available in source form immediately from our public Bazaar repositories, and are included in the next release. If by any chance a security vulnerability or critical bug is found in a release, our policy is to fix it in a new release as soon as possible. (We would like other companies to do this, too!). 2.1.4.1 Verifying the MD5 Checksum After you have downloaded a MySQL package, you should make sure that its MD5 checksum matches the one provided on the MySQL download pages. Each package has an individual checksum that you can verify against the package that you downloaded.
The correct MD5 checksum is listed on the downloads page for each MySQL product, and you will compare it against the MD5 checksum of the file (product) that you download. Each operating system and setup offers its own version of tools for checking the MD5 checksum. Typically the command is named md5sum, or it may be named md5, and some operating systems do not ship it at all. On Linux, it is part of the GNU Text Utilities package, which is available for a wide range of platforms. You can also download the source code from. If you have OpenSSL installed, you can use the command openssl md5 packagename instead. A Windows implementation of the md5 command line utility is available from.
WinMd5Sum is a graphical MD5 checking tool that can be obtained from. Our Microsoft Windows examples will assume the name md5.exe. Linux and Microsoft Windows examples: shell md5sum mysql-standard-5.5.42-linux-i686.tar.gz aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd mysql-standard-5.5.42-linux-i686.tar.gz shell md5.exe mysql-installer-community-5.5.42.msi aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd mysql-installer-community-5.5.42.msi You should verify that the resulting checksum (the string of hexadecimal digits) matches the one displayed on the download page immediately below the respective package. 2.1.4.2 Signature Checking Using GnuPG Another method of verifying the integrity and authenticity of a package is to use cryptographic signatures. This is more reliable than using, but requires more work.
We sign MySQL downloadable packages with GnuPG (GNU Privacy Guard). GnuPG is an Open Source alternative to the well-known Pretty Good Privacy ( PGP) by Phil Zimmermann. See for more information about GnuPG and how to obtain and install it on your system. Most Linux distributions ship with GnuPG installed by default. For more information about GnuPG, see. To verify the signature for a specific package, you first need to obtain a copy of our public GPG build key, which you can download from. The key that you want to obtain is named mysql-build@oss.oracle.com.
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found: This means that the specific key is not 'ultimately trusted' by you or your web of trust, which is okay for the purposes of verifying file signatures. WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.: This refers to your level of trust in your belief that you possess our real public key. This is a personal decision. Ideally, a MySQL developer would hand you the key in person, but more commonly, you downloaded it. Was the download tampered with? Probably not, but this decision is up to you. Setting up a web of trust is one method for trusting them. See the GPG documentation for more information on how to work with public keys.
Select the 'MySQL Release Engineering' certificate. The Fingerprint and Key-ID must be '5072E1F5', or choose Details. To confirm the certificate is valid.
Now, import it by clicking Import. An import dialog will be displayed, choose Okay, and this certificate will now be listed under the Imported Certificates tab. Next, configure the trust level for our certificate.
Select our certificate, then from the main menu select Certificates, Change Owner Trust. We suggest choosing I believe checks are very accurate for our certificate, as otherwise you might not be able to verify our signature. Select I believe checks are very accurate and then press OK. Note If you are using RPM 4.1 and it complains about (GPG) NOT OK (MISSING KEYS: GPG#5072e1f5), even though you have imported the MySQL public build key into your own GPG keyring, you need to import the key into the RPM keyring first. RPM 4.1 no longer uses your personal GPG keyring (or GPG itself).
Rather, RPM maintains a separate keyring because it is a system-wide application and a user's GPG public keyring is a user-specific file. To import the MySQL public key into the RPM keyring, first obtain the key, then use rpm -import to import the key.
For example: shell gpg -export -a 5072e1f5 5072e1f5.asc shell rpm -import 5072e1f5.asc Alternatively, rpm also supports loading the key directly from a URL, and you can use this manual page: shell rpm -import refman/5.5/en/checking-gpg-signature.html If you need to obtain the MySQL public key, see. 2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries Oracle provides a set of binary distributions of MySQL. These include binary distributions in the form of compressed tar files (files with a.tar.gz extension) for a number of platforms, as well as binaries in platform-specific package formats for selected platforms. This section covers the installation of MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution.
For other platform-specific package formats, see the other platform-specific sections. For example, for Windows distributions, see.
To obtain MySQL, see. MySQL compressed tar file binary distributions have names of the form mysql- VERSION- OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a number (for example, 5.5.42), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which the distribution is intended (for example, pc-linux-i686 or winx64). To install MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution, your system must have GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution and a reasonable tar to unpack it. If your tar program supports the z option, it can both uncompress and unpack the file.
GNU tar is known to work. The standard tar provided with some operating systems is not able to unpack the long file names in the MySQL distribution. You should download and install GNU tar, or if available, use a preinstalled version of GNU tar. Usually this is available as gnutar, gtar, or as tar within a GNU or Free Software directory, such as /usr/sfw/bin or /usr/local/bin.
GNU tar is available from. Warning If you have previously installed MySQL using your operating system native package management system, such as yum or apt-get, you may experience problems installing using a native binary. Make sure your previous MySQL previous installation has been removed entirely (using your package management system), and that any additional files, such as old versions of your data files, have also been removed.
You should also check the existence of configuration files such as /etc/my.cnf or the /etc/mysql directory have been deleted. If you run into problems and need to file a bug report, please use the instructions in.
On Unix, to install a compressed tar file binary distribution, unpack it at the installation location you choose (typically /usr/local/mysql). This creates the directories shown in the following table.
Directory Contents of Directory bin Client programs and the server data Log files, databases docs Manual in Info format man Unix manual pages include Include (header) files lib Libraries scripts share Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation sql-bench Benchmarks Debug versions of the binary are available as. To compile your own debug version of MySQL from a source distribution, use the appropriate configuration options to enable debugging support. For more information on compiling from source, see.
To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the basic command sequence looks like this: shell groupadd mysql shell useradd -r -g mysql mysql shell cd /usr/local shell tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz shell ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql shell cd mysql shell chown -R mysql. Shell chgrp -R mysql.
Shell scripts/mysqlinstalldb -user=mysql shell chown -R root. Shell chown -R mysql data # Next command is optional shell cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf shell bin/mysqldsafe -user=mysql & # Next command is optional shell cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server A more detailed version of the preceding description for installing a binary distribution follows. Note This procedure assumes that you have root (administrator) access to your system. Alternatively, you can prefix each command using the sudo (Linux) or pfexec (OpenSolaris) command.
The procedure does not set up any passwords for MySQL accounts. After following the procedure, proceed to. Create a mysql User and Group If your system does not already have a user and group for to run as, you may need to create one. The following commands add the mysql group and the mysql user. You might want to call the user and group something else instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in the following instructions.
The syntax for useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on different versions of Unix, or they may have different names such as adduser and addgroup. Shell groupadd mysql shell useradd -r -g mysql mysql. Note Because the user is required only for ownership purposes, not login purposes, the useradd command uses the -r option to create a user that does not have login permissions to your server host. Omit this option to permit logins for the user (or if your useradd does not support the option). Obtain and Unpack the Distribution Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the distribution and change location into it. The example here unpacks the distribution under /usr/local. The instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to create files and directories in /usr/local.
If that directory is protected, you must perform the installation as root. Shell cd /usr/local Obtain a distribution file using the instructions in. For a given release, binary distributions for all platforms are built from the same MySQL source distribution.
Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation directory. Then create a symbolic link to that directory.
Tar can uncompress and unpack the distribution if it has z option support: shell tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz shell ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql The tar command creates a directory named mysql- VERSION- OS. The ln command makes a symbolic link to that directory. This enables you to refer more easily to the installation directory as /usr/local/mysql.
If your tar does not have z option support, use gunzip to unpack the distribution and tar to unpack it. Replace the preceding tar command with the following alternative command to uncompress and extract the distribution: shell gunzip. Note You probably also installed other helpful MySQL products like MySQL Workbench and MySQL Notifier on your system.
Consider loading to check your new MySQL server connection, and to view the connection's status. By default, these two programs automatically start after installing MySQL. This process also installs the MySQL Installer application on your system, and later you can use MySQL Installer to upgrade or reconfigure your MySQL products.
Additional Installation Information MySQL is available for Microsoft Windows, for both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. For supported Windows platform information, see. It is possible to run MySQL as a standard application or as a Windows service. By using a service, you can monitor and control the operation of the server through the standard Windows service management tools. For more information, see. Generally, you should install MySQL on Windows using an account that has administrator rights.
Otherwise, you may encounter problems with certain operations such as editing the PATH environment variable or accessing the Service Control Manager. Once installed, MySQL does not need to be executed using a user with Administrator privileges.
For a list of limitations on the use of MySQL on the Windows platform, see. In addition to the MySQL Server package, you may need or want additional components to use MySQL with your application or development environment. These include, but are not limited to. Note MySQL Installer will install and configure Connector/NET for you.
MySQL distributions for Windows can be downloaded from. MySQL for Windows is available in several distribution formats, detailed below.
Generally speaking, you should use MySQL Installer. It contains more features and MySQL products than the older MSI, is simpler to use than the ZIP file, and you need no additional tools to get MySQL up and running. MySQL Installer automatically installs MySQL Server and additional MySQL products, creates an options file, starts the server, and enables you to create default user accounts.
For more information on choosing a package, see. Binary installer distributions. There are two different installable distributions that come packaged as a Microsoft Windows Installer (MSI) package that you can install manually or automatically on your systems. The preferred MySQL Installer package includes MySQL Server and additional MySQL products including MySQL Workbench, MySQL Notifier, and MySQL for Excel.
MySQL Installer can also be used to upgrade these product in the future. The older MSI package contains all the files you need to install and configure MySQL server, but no additional components. For instructions on installing MySQL using MySQL Installer, see. The standard binary distribution (packaged as a Zip file) contains all of the necessary files that you unpack into your chosen location. This package contains all of the files in the full Windows MSI Installer package, but does not include an installation program.
For instructions on installing MySQL using the Zip file, see. The source distribution format contains all the code and support files for building the executables using the Visual Studio compiler system. For instructions on building MySQL from source on Windows, see.
MySQL on Windows considerations. Large Table Support If you need tables with a size larger than 4GB, install MySQL on an NTFS or newer file system. Do not forget to use MAXROWS and AVGROWLENGTH when you create tables. MySQL and Virus Checking Software Virus-scanning software such as Norton/Symantec Anti-Virus on directories containing MySQL data and temporary tables can cause issues, both in terms of the performance of MySQL and the virus-scanning software misidentifying the contents of the files as containing spam. This is due to the fingerprinting mechanism used by the virus-scanning software, and the way in which MySQL rapidly updates different files, which may be identified as a potential security risk. After installing MySQL Server, it is recommended that you disable virus scanning on the main directory used to store your MySQL table data. There is usually a system built into the virus-scanning software to enable specific directories to be ignored.
In addition, by default, MySQL creates temporary files in the standard Windows temporary directory. To prevent the temporary files also being scanned, configure a separate temporary directory for MySQL temporary files and add this directory to the virus scanning exclusion list.
To do this, add a configuration option for the parameter to your my.ini configuration file. For more information, see. MySQL Installer: This package has a file name similar to mysql-installer-community-5.5.42.0.msi or mysql-installer-commercial-5.5.42.0.msi, and utilizes MSIs to automatically install MySQL server and other products. It will download and apply updates to itself, and for each of the installed products.
It also configures the additional non-server products. The installed products are configurable, and this includes: documentation with samples and examples, connectors (such as C, C, J, NET, and ODBC), MySQL Workbench, MySQL Notifier, MySQL for Excel, and the MySQL Server with its components. MySQL Installer will run on all Windows platforms that are supported by MySQL (see ). Note Because MySQL Installer is not a native component of Microsoft Windows and depends on.NET, it will not work on minimal installation options like the 'Server Core' version of Windows Server 2008. For instructions on installing MySQL using MySQL Installer, see. The Complete Package: This package has a file name similar to mysql-5.5.42-win32.msi or mysql-5.5.42-winx64.zip, and contains all files needed for a complete Windows installation, including the Configuration Wizard.
This package includes optional components such as the embedded server and benchmark suite. The Noinstall Archive: This package has a file name similar to mysql-5.5.42-win32.zip or mysql-5.5.42-winx64.zip, and contains all the files found in the Complete install package, with the exception of the GUI.
This package does not include an automated installer, and must be manually installed and configured. MySQL Installer is recommended for most users. Your choice of install package affects the installation process you must follow. If you choose to use MySQL Installer, see. If you choose to install a standard MSI package, see.
If you choose to install a Noinstall archive, see. Full: Bundles all of the MySQL products (including the MySQL server). The file' size is over 200MB, and its name has the form mysql-installer-community- VERSION.
N.msi where VERSION is the MySQL Server version number such as 5.6 and N is the package number, which begins at 0. Web: Only contains the Installer and configuration files, and it only downloads the MySQL products you choose to install. The size of this file is about 2MB; the name of the file has the form mysql-installer-community- web- VERSION. N.msi where VERSION is the MySQL Server version number such as 5.6 and N is the package number, which begins at 0. Installer editions.
Note Entering your MOS credentials is optional when installing bundled MySQL products, but your credentials are required when choosing non-bundled MySQL products that MySQL Installer must download. For notes detailing the changes in each release of MySQL Installer, see. MySQL Installer is compatible with pre-existing installations, and adds them to its list of installed components.
While the standard MySQL Installer is bundled with a specific version of MySQL Server, a single MySQL Installer instance can install and manage multiple MySQL Server versions. For example, a single MySQL Installer instance can install (and update) versions 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7 on the host. It creates initial MySQL Server connections in MySQL Workbench.
It creates the configuration file ( my.ini) that is used to configure the MySQL Server. The values written to this file are influenced by choices you make during the installation process. It can optionally import example databases. It can optionally create MySQL Server user accounts with configurable permissions based on general roles, such as DB Administrator, DB Designer, and Backup Admin.
It optionally creates a Windows user named MysqlSys with limited privileges, which would then run the MySQL Server. User accounts may also be added and configured in MySQL Workbench. If the 'Advanced Configuration' option is checked, then the Logging Options are also configured. This includes defining file paths for the error log, general log, slow query log (including the configuration of seconds it requires to execute a query), and the binary log. MySQL Installer can optionally check for updated components and download them for you.
Developer: A machine that will host many other applications, and typically this is your personal workstation. This option configures MySQL to use the least amount of memory. Server: Several other applications will be running on this machine, such as a web server.
This option configures MySQL to use a medium amount of memory. Dedicated: A machine that is dedicated to running the MySQL server. Because no other major applications are running on the server, such as web servers, this option configures MySQL to use all available memory. Connectivity Connectivity options control how you will connect to MySQL. Options include.
TCP/IP: You may enable TCP/IP Networking here as otherwise only localhost connections are allowed. Also define the Port Number and whether to open the firewall port for network access. Named Pipe: Enable and define the pipe name, similar to using the -enable-named-pipe option. Shared Memory: Enable and then define the memory name, similar to using the -shared-memory option. Advanced Configuration Checking the 'Advanced Configuration' option provides additional Logging Options to configure. This includes defining file paths for the error log, general log, slow query log (including the configuration of seconds it requires to execute a query), and the binary log. Note When configuring Run Windows Services as.
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Using a Custom User, the custom user must have privileges to log on to Microsoft Windows as a service. And the Next button will be disabled until this user is configured with these user rights. On Microsoft Windows 7, this is configured by loading the Start Menu, Control Panel, Administrative Tools, Local Security Policy, Local Policies, User Rights Assignment, then Log On As A Service.
Choose Add User or Group here to add the custom user, and then OK, OK to save. Advanced Options The.
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